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What is Physiotherapy?
Physiotherapy is recognized as an essential healthcare profession that fosters evidence-informed, client-centered, collaborative care. It leads in the promotion, improvement, and maintenance of the mobility, function, health, and well-being.
Physiotherapy is an essential healthcare profession that encompasses rehabilitation, injury prevention and health promotion. Physiotherapists are skilled in the assessment and management of a broad range of conditions that affect the musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems.
What does a physiotherapist do?
Physiotherapists are trained in the structure and function of the human body and its movement.
Physiotherapists can diagnose and treat a broad range of medical conditions. These conditions may affect your:
- Bones
- Muscles
- Nerves
- Lungs
- Other parts and systems of the body
When you go to see a physiotherapist, they might:
- Massage areas of your body
- Provide heat treatment
- Manipulate your joints
- Stretch your muscles
- Give you exercises to do
- Use acupuncture or dry needling
- Recommend hydrotherapy
Your physiotherapist may also help with things such as aids, splints, casts, or crutches. Physiotherapists treat people of all ages.
Types of Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy has evolved in the form of various sub-specialties, which enable PT to deal with various conditions in a more effective and appropriate way. Below is the list of various sub-specialties and their uses:
- Neurological physiotherapy – Neurological conditions lead to extreme muscle weakness, loss of balance and coordination, muscle spasm, tremors, loss of function, and decreased sensation. Neurological physiotherapy aims at establishing mobility and treating functional disorders which originate from nervous and neuromuscular system such as stroke, spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, multiple sclerosis, sciatica, aneurysm, and Parkinson’s disease.
- Orthopedic / musculoskeletal physiotherapy – This sub-specialty deals with repairing the deformities and treating the ailments related to human musculoskeletal system, which include correcting the muscles, ligaments, bones, joints, and tendons. The main aim is to alleviate pain, increase mobilization, and to rectify the skeletal injury.
- Cardiopulmonary physiotherapy – This sub-specialty treats the patients who suffer from cardiopulmonary disorders such as cardiac arrest and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physiotherapists run cardiac rehabilitation centers and educate the patients about certain forms of exercises and resistance training techniques which can help them improve their overall quality of life.
- Pediatric physiotherapy – Pediatric physiotherapists help in improving acute injuries, defects which are present at the time of birth, delayed physical growth, or certain genetic defects such as cerebral palsy (a condition which restricts the overall movement and coordination). Physiotherapists use various therapeutic exercises in children, which can aid in strengthening the affected parts; thereby improving the precise and overall movement of those parts.
- Geriatric physiotherapy – This sub-specialty deals with certain age-related medical conditions such as arthritis (pain in the joints), osteoporosis (fragile and brittle bones). Geriatric physiotherapists guide elderly about restricting certain movements which can aggravate pain, provide their patients with gait aides to improve overall mobility and to minimize pain by employing various techniques and exercises.
Reasons to See a Physiotherapist
There are a number of reasons you might see a physiotherapist. Sometimes your doctor will refer you in order to address a specific injury or condition. Other times you will go on your own and get physical therapy.
Some of the most common reasons people see a physiotherapist include:
- illness: After a prolonged illness or during/after an illness that impacts mobility, balance, or motor skills.
- Chronic health condition: Some chronic health conditions like diabetes can impact mobility and balance.
- Following surgery: After surgery, getting up and moving is a very important part of the healing process. If a body part such as a hand, foot, or back were affected, physiotherapy can help the patient regain use or compensate.
- Injury: Injuries that leave the patient with a lot of pain or the inability to move can often be addressed through physiotherapy.
- Aging: As people age they experience changes in their bodies that impact movement and function. Physiotherapy can help them regain some of that function or teach them how to work with the loss.
- Major health crisis: Heart attack, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and other health crises can leave a person with great difficulties in normal everyday function. Physiotherapy can help patients regain some or all of that function.
- Improved physical performance: Athletes or even just patients who want to perform better in their fitness pursuits may turn to physiotherapy to learn strategies for maximizing the body’s potential for performance.
- General wellness: Patients may begin physiotherapy to counteract the effects of aging, learn skills for staying mobile and healthy, and staying flexible.