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What is Oncology?
Oncology is a sub-specialty of medicine dedicated to the investigation, diagnosis and treatment of people with cancer or suspected cancer. It includes preventative medicine, medical oncology (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy and other drugs to treat cancer), radiation oncology (radiation therapy to treat cancer), surgical oncology (surgery to treat cancer), and palliative medicine.
Who is Oncologist?
An oncologist is a doctor with special training in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Part of a multidisciplinary team, they also give support to the patient through collaboration and coordination of other specialists. Oncologists are not only involved in clinical care, but also contribute to cancer research (including therapeutics, biology, epidemiology and clinical outcomes research), health education, clinical teaching and ethics. Some oncologists specialise in a particular type of cancer treatment.
Are there different types of oncologists?
Cancer is a multifaceted illness, which is why there are several different types of oncologists. Some oncologists specialize in certain treatments. Other oncologists specialize in certain kinds of cancer. Here are some examples of the different types of oncologists:
- Surgical Oncologists. If your biopsy shows cancer cells, this is the healthcare provider who does the surgery to remove cancer that hasn’t spread. They remove your tumor and surrounding tissues. They help you prepare for and recover from your surgery.
- Medical Oncologists. These healthcare providers treat cancer using chemotherapy, hormonal therapies, immunotherapy and other targeted treatments. People often think of the medical oncologist as their primary cancer doctor. Most medical oncologists also specialize in hematology.
- Radiation Oncologists. These healthcare providers use radiation therapy that’s tailored to your specific cancer.
- Gynecologic Oncologists. These oncologists treat gynecologic cancer such as cervical cancer, cancer of the uterus and ovarian cancer.
- Pediatric Oncologists. These oncologists treat cancers that are more common in children than in adults, such as childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ewing sarcoma and childhood brain tumors.
- Neurological Oncologist. These oncologists treat people who have brain tumors and cancer that affects the nervous system.
When to see an oncologist?
Different cancers affect your body in different ways. Generally speaking, you might see an oncologist if you talk to your primary care physician about a change in your body and they recommend you have some preliminary tests. You likely will be referred to an oncologist if your tests indicate you have cancer.