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What is Paediatrics?
A paediatrician is a medical doctor who specializes in treating infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. Paediatric care can begin before conception and continue through pregnancy.
Children undergo rapid physical and mental changes as they grow. paediatricians understand this fact and assess a child’s health status based on the normal ranges for their age.
Paediatricians can help diagnose medical conditions in children. Depending on the condition, parents or caregivers may take their children to a primary care paediatrician or a pediatric specialist.
What are the types of paediatrician?
Many paediatricians work as primary care physicians. This type of paediatrician performs regular health and wellness check-ups. They also diagnose and treat a wide range of general health conditions, give vaccinations, and offer appropriate health advice to young people and their parents or caregivers.
Other paediatricians specialize in treating specific medical conditions or age ranges. Examples of paediatric subspecialties include the following:
- Adolescent medicine specialists focus on care during adolescence, around 11 to 21 years old.
- Critical care paediatricians facilitate teams of healthcare professionals who treat children in unstable or critical health situations. These paediatricians usually work in hospital-based intensive care units.
- Developmental behavioral paediatricians evaluate the behavioral development of children and teens. Specialists in this field diagnose and treat developmental, learning, and behavioral problems in young people.
- Child abuse paediatricians possess specialized training, experience, and skills necessary for evaluating if a child may have experienced abuse or neglect.
- Pediatric oncologists specialize in diagnosing and treating different types of cancer in children.
- Pediatric cardiologists diagnose and treat various heart conditions in children. Many pediatric cardiologists work closely with pediatric heart surgeons when deciding the best treatment strategies.
- Pediatric pulmonologists diagnose, treat, and manage children who have breathing problems and lung diseases.
- Pediatric rheumatologists treat children and adolescents who have musculoskeletal disorders, such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and chronic pain.
- Pediatric nephrologists specialize in treating conditions that affect the urinary system, including urinary tract infections and kidney disease.
- Pediatric neurologists treat and manage neurological disorders in children. Neurological conditions that present during childhood may persist through adulthood. Pediatric neurologists oversee their patients’ care from diagnosis through adolescence.
- Neonatal-perinatal paediatricians provide care to infants before, during, and after birth. They also treat premature and critically ill newborns.
- Pediatric gastroenterologists look after the health of a young person’s digestive system.
- Pediatric endocrinologists specialize in the endocrine system and the hormones it produces. An endocrinologist may treat a variety of conditions in children, including diabetes.
What conditions does paediatrician treat or manage?
Paediatricians perform a diverse range of health-related services that range from health and wellness screenings to management of complex medical conditions.
Paediatricians generally perform the following procedures:
- Physical exams
- Giving vaccinations
- Treating injuries, including fractures and dislocations
- Evaluating a child’s physical, emotional, and social development
- Prescribing medications, such as pain relievers and antibiotics
- Providing general health advice
- Diagnosing and treating various medical conditions
- Connecting families with other pediatric specialists, if needed
Pediatric specialists obtain additional education and training in specific treatments and diagnostic procedures. For instance, a pediatric heart specialist (cardiologist) has advanced knowledge and experience in treating heart conditions in children. They may also have received training to perform different types of heart tests and procedures.
A primary care paediatrician may lack the qualifications or expertise needed to treat complex medical conditions and may refer a family to the appropriate pediatric specialist for further testing and treatment.
When would I need to see a paediatrician?
Parents and caregivers can take their child to a paediatrician for periodic well-child visits. Well-child visits are an opportunity for parents and caregivers to ask any questions they may have regarding the health of their child. paediatricians may also give vaccinations at these visits, if appropriate.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Trusted Sourceestimate that 1 in 6 children between the ages of 3–17 years have at least one issue with development or behavior. Early identification and treatment can lead to better long-term outcomes for young children.
During a well-care visit, a paediatrician evaluates a child’s physical and emotional development. They may also ask questions about a child’s eating, sleeping, and social habits. paediatricians can inform parents and educators if their child has any signs that suggest a physical or behavioral problem.
Parents or caregivers that have ongoing concerns about their child’s health, should call or make an appointment with their child’s paediatrician.
